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1.
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine ; (12): 614-625, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985453

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the distribution of blood pressure and analyze the associated factors of blood pressure of the elderly with type 2 diabetes in Jiangsu Province. Methods: The elderly over 60 years old participants with type 2 diabetes in the communities of Huai'an City and Changshu City, Jiangsu Province were selected in this study. They were divided into two groups: taking antihypertensive drugs and not taking antihypertensive drugs. The demographic characteristics, such as age and sex, and relevant factors were collected by questionnaire. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured by physical examination. The percentile of SBP and DBP in each age group of men and women were described. The kernel density estimation curve was used to show the blood pressure distribution. The trend of blood pressure with age was fitted by locally weighted regression. The logistic regression model was used to analyze relevant factors of blood pressure. Results: A total of 12 949 participants were included in this study, including 7 775 patients in the antihypertensive drug group and 5 174 patients in the group without antihypertensive drugs. The SBP of participants was concentrated at 140-160 mmHg, and their DBP was concentrated at 75-85 mmHg. There were significant differences in the distribution of blood pressure among the subgroups of body mass index (BMI) and rural areas whether taking antihypertensive drugs and not. For participants aged under 80 years old, the SBP showed an increasing trend with age and the DBP showed a decreasing trend with age. Age, BMI ≥24 kg/m2, fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, living in rural areas and no smoking were influencing factors of the elevated SBP; BMI ≥24 kg/m2, male, living in rural areas, no smoking, drinking alcohol and not receiving drug hypoglycemic treatment were influencing factors of the elevated DBP. Conclusion: The SBP of older diabetic adults in Jiangsu Province is at a high level, and the distribution of blood pressure is significantly different between men and women in taking antihypertensive drugs group. The SBP presents a rising trend and the DBP is decreasing at the age of 60-80 years. The blood pressure level of this population are mainly affected by age, BMI, urban and rural areas, smoking.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blood Pressure/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Smoking , Body Mass Index , Hypertension/epidemiology
2.
Chinese Journal of Hepatology ; (12): 48-80, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970945

ABSTRACT

The population of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with hypertension in China is characterized by complex etiology, high incidence rate, low awareness and control rate. How to diagnose and treat hypertension in CKD patients properly and improve their prognosis is particularly urgent. Several clinical guidelines or expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and management of hypertension have been issued. Some of them involve the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in CKD patients, but they still can not meet the demand for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in CKD patients. Based on the situation of hypertension in CKD patients in China, the Chinese Society of Nephrology organized an expert group to formulate this guideline. This guideline systematically introduces the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, risk factors, poor prognosis of hypertension, the purpose, timing and control goals of antihypertensive therapy in CKD patients, as well as blood pressure control goals for special populations, non drug treatment and drug treatment of hypertension. This guideline aims to further strengthen the management of hypertension in CKD patients, standardize the diagnosis and treatment standards, formulate reasonable treatment plans, effectively control hypertension, reduce complications, so as to delay the progress of kidney diseases and improve the long-term prognosis of hypertension in Chinese CKD patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Hypertension/therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Blood Pressure , Risk Factors , China/epidemiology
3.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ; (24): 1982-1988, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981418

ABSTRACT

Hypertension and its target organ damage have become a major public health problem. Sexual dysfunction is a new problem in the treatment of modern hypertension. Modern pathophysiological studies have shown that hypertension can lead to sexual dysfunction. In addition, three major hypotensive drugs represented by diuretics can also lead to sexual dysfunction. In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), hypertension belongs to "vertigo" "headache" "head wind", etc. In the past, the understanding of the TCM pathogenesis of hypertension was mainly from the perspectives of "liver wind" and "Yang hyperactivity". However, based on the in-depth research on ancient and modern literature and medical records and many years of clinical practice, it has been identified that kidney deficiency was the key pathogenesis. Hypertension complicated with sexual dysfunction belongs to the category of kidney deficiency syndrome in TCM, especially the deficiency of kidney Yin. Previous studies by other research groups showed that Yin-enriching and kidney-tonifying method could effectively reduce blood pressure, improve sexual dysfunction, reverse risk factors, and protect target organs. This article systematically discussed the TCM understanding, modern pathophysiological mechanism, and the clinical treatment strategy of kidney-tonifying drugs(single drugs and compounds) in the treatment of hypertension complicated with sexual dysfunction in order to provide a scientific basis for kidney-tonifying method in the treatment of hypertension complicated with sexual dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Hypertension/drug therapy , Blood Pressure , Risk Factors , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
5.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 29(1): 14-18, 10 març. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1367456

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Clinical case of a female patient referred to our Institution at the age of seven years old with Systemic Arterial Hypertension. The patient had been severely obese since she was 4 years old and high blood pressure levels were detected in several medical consultations a few months ago. She has a history of prematurity, a sedentary lifestyle, and an inadequate diet, in addition to a family history of obesity and high blood pressure. We discussed the investigation of the etiology, the presence of target organ lesions, and the treatment of arterial blood pressure in youth. In the follow-up, there was adequate control of blood pressure after initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, with great difficulty in weight reduction. Even under nutritional guidelines and reinforcement regarding lifestyle changes, the patient had a weight gain of 25 kilos. We report this case in view of the significant increase in the prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension in children and adolescents. There are multifactorial aspects to the development of this scenario, largely associated with an inadequate lifestyle. The difficulties related to its management and the presence of comorbidities, especially obesity, highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach so that the evolution of the patient's condition becomes as desired.


RESUMO Caso clínico de uma paciente do sexo feminino, encaminhada a nossa Instituição aos sete anos de idade por provável Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica. A paciente apresentava obesidade grave desde os quatro anos e há alguns meses foram detectadas medidas de pressão arterial elevadas em várias consultas médicas. Tem antecedentes de prematuridade, sedentarismo e dieta inadequada, além de história familiar também de obesidade e hipertensão arterial. Discutimos as condutas quanto a investigação da etiologia, da presença de lesões de órgãos alvo e do tratamento. Na evolução, houve controle adequado da pressão arterial após início de inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina, mas grande dificuldade na redução do peso. Ao longo do seguimento, mesmo sob orientações nutricionais e reforço quanto a modificações do estilo de vida, a paciente apresentou ganho ponderal de 25 quilos. Relatamos este caso atendendo a necessidade de discussão do tema frente ao aumento significativo da prevalência de HAS em crianças e adolescente. Existem aspectos multifatoriais para o desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial na infância, em grande parte associada a um estilo de vida inadequado. As dificuldades relacionadas ao seu manejo a presença de comorbidades, em especial da obesidade, ressaltam a necessidade de uma abordagem multiprofissional para que a evolução do quadro da paciente venha a ser o desejado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Sedentary Behavior , Pediatric Obesity , Hypertension/drug therapy , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 118(3): 614-622, mar. 2022. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364355

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento Aparentemente, a pior resposta a algumas classes de anti-hipertensivos, especialmente inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina e bloqueadores de receptor de angiotensina, pela população negra, explicaria, pelo menos parcialmente, o pior controle da hipertensão entre esses indivíduos. Entretanto, a maioria das evidências vêm de estudos norte-americanos. Objetivos Este estudo tem o objetivo de investigar a associação entre raça/cor da pele autorrelatadas e controle de PA em participantes do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) utilizando várias classes de anti-hipertensivos em monoterapia. Métodos O estudo envolveu uma análise transversal, realizada com participantes da linha de base do ELSA-Brasil. O controle de pressão arterial foi a variável de resposta, participantes com valores de PA ≥140/90 mmHg foram considerados descontrolados em relação aos níveis de pressão arterial. A raça/cor da pele foi autorrelatada (branco, pardo, negro). Todos os participantes tiveram que responder perguntas sobre uso contínuo de medicamentos. A associação entre o controle de PA e raça/cor da pele foi estimada por regressão logística. O nível de significância adotado nesse estudo foi de 5%. Resultados Do total de 1.795 usuários de anti-hipertensivos em monoterapia na linha de base, 55,5% se declararam brancos, 27,9%, pardos e 16,7%, negros. Mesmo depois de padronizar em relação a variáveis de confusão, negros em uso de inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA), bloqueadores de receptor de angiotensina (BRA), diuréticos tiazídicos (DIU tiazídicos) e betabloqueadores (BB) in monoterapia tinham controle de pressão arterial pior em comparação a brancos. Conclusões Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que, nesta amostra de brasileiros adultos utilizando anti-hipertensivos em monoterapia, as diferenças de controle de pressão arterial entre os vários grupos raciais não são explicadas pela possível eficácia mais baixa dos IECA e BRA em indivíduos negros.


Abstract Background It seems that the worst response to some classes of antihypertensive drugs, especially angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, on the part of the Black population, would at least partially explain the worse control of hypertension among these individuals. However, most of the evidence comes from American studies. Objectives This study aims to investigate the association between self-reported race/skin color and BP control in participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), using different classes of antihypertensive drugs in monotherapy. Methods The study involved a cross-sectional analysis, carried out with participants from the baseline of ELSA-Brasil. Blood pressure control was the response variable, participants with BP values ≥140/90 mmHg were considered out of control in relation to blood pressure levels. Race/skin color was self-reported (White, Brown, Black). All participants were asked about the continuous use of medication. Association between BP control and race/skin color was estimated through logistic regression. The level of significance adopted in this study was of 5%. Results Of the total of 1,795 users of antihypertensive drugs in monotherapy at baseline, 55.5% declared themselves White, 27.9% Brown, and 16.7% Black. Even after adjusting for confounding variables, Blacks using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), thiazide diuretics (thiazide DIU), and beta-blockers (BB) in monotherapy had worse blood pressure control compared to Whites. Conclusions Our results suggest that in this sample of Brazilian adults using antihypertensive drugs in monotherapy, the differences in blood pressure control between different racial groups are not explained by the possible lower effectiveness of ACEIs and ARBs in Black individuals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/epidemiology , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , United States , Blood Pressure , Brazil , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use , Race Factors
7.
Clin. biomed. res ; 42(4): 389-396, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1516184

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve por objetivo reunir evidências científicas sobre o papel dos fatores sociodemográficos na adesão aos anti-hipertensivos na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2019 em periódicos nacionais. Foram incluídos artigos originais desenvolvidos com hipertensos usuários da APS no Brasil e foram excluídos artigos publicados fora do intervalo temporal citado, bem como revisões de literatura, e os que não tinham como foco os elementos de interesse nesta revisão. Foram selecionados 5 estudos que investigaram variáveis sociodemográficas no contexto da adesão a esta classe de medicamentos na APS. Embora alguns estudos tenham encontrado uma possível interferência de algumas variáveis sociodemográficas na adesão aos anti-hipertensivos na Atenção Básica, há, para cada uma dessas variáveis, resultados divergentes, mostrando que a dimensão sociodemográfica pode ou não interferir na adesão à medicação em um determinado grupo populacional. Nesse sentido, há também resultados sugestivos de que, com oferta efetiva de assistência aos usuários, tais variáveis parecem perderem capacidade de interferirem nesta adesão, em consonância com a hipótese de que características organizacionais dos serviços de saúde têm impacto muito maior na adesão do que diferenças sociodemográficas.


This study aimed to gather scientific evidence on the role of sociodemographic factors in adherence to antihypertensive drugs in Primary Health Care (PHC)_in Brazil. This is an integrative review with studies published between 2015 and 2019 in national journals. Original studies developed with hypertensive PHC users in Brazil were included and articles published outside the time range were excluded, as well as literature reviews, and those that did not focus on the elements of interest of this review. A total of 5 studies that investigated sociodemographic variables in the context of adherence to this class of drugs in PHC were selected. Although some studies have found a possible interference of some sociodemographic variables in adherence to antihypertensive drugs in Primary Care, there are, for each of these variables, divergent results, showing that the sociodemographic dimension may or may not interfere with medication adherence in a given population group. In this sense, there are also results suggesting that, with effective provision of assistance to users, such variables seem to lose their interference capacity in user adherence, in line with the hypothesis that organizational characteristics of health services have a much greater impact on adherence than sociodemographic differences.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Hypertension/prevention & control , Hypertension/drug therapy
9.
Chinese Journal of Cardiology ; (12): 1169-1176, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-969723

ABSTRACT

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rate of hypertension among young and middle-aged population in China. Methods: The analysis was based on the results of 2012-2015 China Hypertension Survey, which was a cross-sectional stratified multistage random sampling survey. A total of 229 593 subjects were included in the final analysis. The data including sex, age, living in urban and rural areas, prevalence of hypertension, history of stroke, family history of coronary heart disease and drinking, physical examination, heart rate were collected. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and (or) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, and (or) self-report a history of hypertension, and (or) use of antihypertensive medicine within 2 weeks before survey. Prehypertension was defined as SBP between 120-139 mmHg, and (or) DBP between 80-89 mmHg. Control of hypertension was considered for hypertensive individuals with SBP<140 mmHg and DBP<90 mmHg. The prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension, awareness, treatment, control rate were calculated, and the control rate among those with antihypertensive medication was also calculated. Results: The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 43.8% (95%CI: 42.3%-45.4%), and 22.1% (95%CI: 20.8%-23.3%), respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was significantly higher among male than female across different age groups. The awareness, treatment, control rate of hypertension and control rate among treated hypertensive participants were 43.8%, 33.2%, 16.7%, and 40.2%, respectively. The prevalence was higher, and the control rate was lower among individuals with higher heart rate. Conclusion: The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among young and middle-aged population is high, the awareness, treatment and control rate need to be further improved in this population. The prevention and treatment of hypertension should be strengthened in the future to improve the control rate of hypertension in China.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Prehypertension/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypertension/drug therapy , Blood Pressure , China/epidemiology
10.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 117(3): 484-491, Sept. 2021. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339173

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento A hipertensão é um importante e persistente problema de saúde pública, sendo uma das principais causas de doenças cardiovasculares e mortalidade geral. Objetivos Este estudo buscou verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à hipertensão arterial sistêmica em trabalhadores da indústria do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados secundários de 20.792 industriários de 18 a 59 anos de idade. A presença de hipertensão arterial foi determinada a partir da pressão arterial sistólica ≥140mmHg e/ou pressão arterial diastólica ≥90mmHg, ou estar fazendo uso de medicação anti-hipertensiva. Os fatores investigados incluíram características demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais, de estado nutricional e de história familiar. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada na análise multivariável, adotando-se um p<0,05 como nível de significância. Todas as análises foram estratificadas por sexo. Resultados A amostra incluiu 12.349 homens e 8.443 mulheres com média de idade geral de 32,8 anos (Desvio-padrão=9,8 anos). A prevalência de hipertensão foi de 10,3% (IC95%:9,8-10,7), sendo esta significativamente maior entre os homens do que entre as mulheres (10,9% vs 9,4%;p=0,001). A hipertensão mostrou-se associada à elevação da faixa etária, baixa escolaridade, viver com companheiro, ter sobrepeso ou obesidade, e ter pelo menos um parente com história de hipertensão para ambos os sexos. As mulheres com melhores condições socioeconômicas apresentaram menores prevalências de hipertensão. Conclusões Os principais fatores associados à hipertensão arterial compreenderam características sociodemográficas, nutricionais e de história familiar. Ademais, as condições socioeconômicas demonstraram uma associação com a ocorrência de hipertensão, principalmente entre as mulheres.


Abstract Background Hypertension is a serious and persistent public health problem and is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases and general mortality. Objectives This study aimed to verify the prevalence and factors associated with systemic arterial hypertension in workers from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using the secondary data from 20,792 industry workers from 18 to 59 years of age. The presence of arterial hypertension was determined from systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication. Factors investigated included demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, nutritional status, and family history characteristics. Poisson regression was used in multivariate analysis, adopting a significance level of p<0.05. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results The sample included 12,349 men and 8,443 women with a mean age of 32.8 years (Standard Deviation = 9.8). The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 10.3% (95% CI: 9.8-10.7), which was significantly higher in men than in women (10.9% vs 9.4%; p = 0.001). Arterial hypertension was associated with increased age, a low level of education, living with a partner, being overweight or obese, and having at least one relative with a history of hypertension for both sexes. Women with better socioeconomic conditions presented a lower prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions The main factors associated with hypertension included sociodemographic, nutritional, and family history characteristics. In addition, socioeconomic conditions showed an association with the occurrence of hypertension, especially among women.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Overweight , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
11.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 117(3): 520-527, Sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339187

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento: Hipertensos tratados avaliados apenas com a medida casual da pressão arterial (PA) podem estar sujeitos a decisões equivocadas. Objetivos: Avaliar o comportamento da PA pela medida casual e residencial (MRPA), o comportamento das classes de anti-hipertensivos e as prevalências de hipertensão do avental branco (HABNC) e mascarada não-controladas (HMNC). Métodos: Estudo transversal que avaliou pacientes pela plataforma TeleMRPA entre 2017 e 2019. Foram excluídos aqueles sem medicamentos, com 3 ou mais, em uso de espironolactona e alfa-2 agonistas. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal (IMC), número de medidas válidas da PA, médias da PA sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) pela medida casual e MRPA, e as classes de anti-hipertensivos. Utilizados os testes t pareado e não pareado e qui-quadrado. Adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Selecionados 22.446 pacientes, dos quais 6.731 preencheram os critérios, sendo 61,3% do sexo feminino, com idade média de 57,8 (±12,6) anos e IMC médio de 29,0 (±5,1) kg/m2. Os valores médios de PAS e PAD foram 6,6 mmHg (p<0,001) e 4,4 mmHg (p<0,001) maiores na medida casual que na MRPA. As taxas de controle da PA foram de 57,0% pela medida casual e 61,3% pela MRPA (p<0,001), com prevalência de HABNC e HMNC de 15,4% e 11,1%, respectivamente. O bloqueio do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona ocorreu em 74,6% das vezes e 54,8% estavam em monoterapia. Conclusões: O uso da MRPA deve ser considerado no acompanhamento de hipertensos tratados em virtude das elevadas prevalências de HABNC e HMNC. Os anti-hipertensivos tiveram comportamentos distintos nas medidas domiciliares. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)


Abstract Background: Hypertensive patients undergoing treatment and assessed only by casual blood pressure (BP) measurement may be subject to mistaken decisions. Objective: To assess BP behavior by measuring its levels at the office (casual) and at home (HBPM), the behavior of different classes of antihypertensive drugs, and the prevalence of uncontrolled white-coat hypertension (UCWCH) and uncontrolled masked hypertension (UCMH). Methods: Cross-sectional study assessing patients who underwent BP monitoring in the TeleMRPA platform between 2017 and 2019. The exclusion criteria were: use of no antihypertensive drug; combined use of 3 or more antihypertensive drugs; and use of spironolactone and alpha-2 agonist. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), number of valid BP measurements, means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) obtained from HBPM and casual measurement, and the classes of antihypertensive drugs. Paired and unpaired t tests, as well as chi-square test, were used. The 5% significance level was adopted. Results: This study selected 22 446 patients, 6731 of whom met the inclusion criteria [61.3%, female sex; mean age, 57.8 (±12.6) years; mean BMI, 29.0 (±5.1) kg/m2]. Mean SBP and DBP were 6.6 mm Hg (p<0.001) and 4.4 mm Hg (p<0.001) higher in casual measurement than in HBPM. The rates of BP control were 57.0% in casual measurement and 61.3% in HBPM (p<0.001), and the prevalence of UCWCH and UCMH was 15.4% and 11.1%, respectively. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade was observed in 74.6% of the patients, and 54.8% were on single-drug therapy. Conclusions: HBPM should be considered for the follow-up of treated hypertensive patients because of the high prevalence of UCWCH and UCMH. Antihypertensive drugs behaved differently in HBPM. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , White Coat Hypertension/diagnosis , White Coat Hypertension/drug therapy , White Coat Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/epidemiology , Blood Pressure , Cross-Sectional Studies , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Middle Aged , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 84(4): 361-366, July-Aug. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285295

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Peak intraocular pressure is one of the main risk factors for glaucoma progression, and intraocular pressure reduction remains the only therapeutic strategy for all types of glaucoma. The main purpose of our study was to compare the baseline and peak intraocular pressure reduction obtained with the water drinking test between the two eyes of the same patients using 0.005% latanoprost in one eye and selective laser trabeculoplasty application in the contralateral eye. Methods: This was a prospective, interventional, longitudinal, and randomized clinical trial, in which 30 consecutive glaucomatous patients, medically controlled using latanoprost monotherapy, were recruited from a single ophthalmological center. The patients' eyes were randomized, and one eye was selected for SLT treatment and topical 0.005% latanoprost was introduced in the contralateral eye. The baseline intraocular pressure and peak intraocular pressure were evaluated 1 month (water drinking test 2) and 6 months (water drinking test 3) after treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean pre-washout intraocular pressure in the randomized eyes for selective laser trabeculoplasty and latanoprost (13.6 ± 2.1 and 13.3 ± 1.8 mmHg, respectively; p=0.182). Regarding baseline intraocular pressure, there was no significant difference in the water drinking test 2 (p=0.689) and water drinking test 3 (p=0.06) between the groups. There was no significant difference in the intraocular pressure peak between the SLT and latanoprost groups at water drinking test 2 (p=0.771) or water drinking test 3 (p=0.774). Conclusions: The intraocular pressure reduction efficacy is similar between latanoprost and selective laser trabeculoplasty. Glaucomatous patients who are medically controlled with latanoprost and switch treatment to selective laser trabeculoplasty maintain control of intraocular pressure.


RESUMO Objetivo: Glaucoma é a principal causa de cegueira irreversível no mundo. O pico da pressão intraocular é um dos principais fatores de risco para progressão do glaucoma, e o controle pressórico ainda é o único tratamento efetivo para todas as formas de glaucoma. O objetivo principal deste estudo é comparar a redução basal e do pico da pressão intraocular, obtidas através do Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica, entre os dois olhos dos mesmos pacientes utilizando latanoprosta 0,005% em um olho e submetidos à aplicação de trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva no olho contralateral. Métodos: Este é um estudo prospectivo, intervencionista, longitudinal e randomizado. Trinta pacientes consecutivos, glaucomatosos, com pressão intraocular controlada em uso de monoterapia com latanoprosta, foram recrutados de um único centro oftalmológico. Os olhos dos pacientes foram randomizados e um olho foi selecionado para tratamento com trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva e olho contralateral tratado com colírio de latanoprosta 0,005%. Foram avaliados a pressão intraocular basal e pico de pressão intraocular um mês (Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 2) e seis meses (Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 3) após tratamento. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística entre a pressão intraocular pré washout entre os olhos randomizados para trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva e latanoprosta, 13,6 ± 2,1 e 13,3 ± 1,8 mmHg, respectivamente (p=0,182). Em relação à pressão intraocular basal, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos, tanto no Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 2 (p=0,689) e Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 3 (p=0,06). Não houve diferença estatística em relação ao pico de pressão intraocular entre os grupos trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva e latanoprosta, no Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 2 (p=0,771) e Teste de Sobrecarga Hídrica 3 (p=0,774). Conclusões: Em resumo, nosso estudo demonsrou que a eficácia da redução pressórica é similar entre latanoprosta e trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva, e pacientes glaucomatosos que estão com a pressão intraocular clinicamente controlados com latanoprosta e trocam de tratamento para trabeculoplastia a laser seletiva mantém sua pressão intraocular controlada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Trabeculectomy , Ocular Hypertension , Laser Therapy , Water , Ocular Hypertension/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Latanoprost , Intraocular Pressure , Lasers , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
14.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 37(1): e3535, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341375

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El enfoque terapéutico para la presión arterial alta incluye medidas no farmacológicas y farmacológicas. La no adherencia al tratamiento es uno de los desafíos más importantes para la salud pública. Objetivo: Caracterizar los factores asociados con la adherencia a la medicación y el tratamiento sin medicación de pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Este es un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal realizado en una Unidad Básica de Salud en la ciudad de Teresina- Piauí/Brasil con 160 pacientes hipertensos. Los datos se recopilaron de febrero a julio de 2019 mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado que contiene preguntas relacionadas con los aspectos socioeconómicos y demográficos, el tratamiento sin medicamentos, la verificación de la presión arterial y el conocimiento de los antihipertensivos en uso. Para el análisis de los datos, se consideró la prueba de chi-cuadrado con una significación del 95 por ciento considerando las pruebas de independencia 2x2 en la combinación de variables. Resultados: La muestra consistió en mujeres, ancianos, jubilados, con ingresos salariales entre uno y dos salarios mínimos. La principal modificación de estilo de vida adoptada fue la abstención del consumo de alcohol y tabaco. La mayoría afirmó que verificaban la presión arterial de forma rutinaria (57,5 por ciento), que tenían conocimiento sobre la medicación antihipertensiva en uso (68 por ciento) y que estaban satisfechos con la atención establecida en la unidad básica de salud (78,75 por ciento). Conclusión: La población hipertensa estudiada se adhiere parcialmente al tratamiento recomendado(AU)


Introdução: A abordagem terapêutica da pressão arterial elevada inclui medidas não medicamentosas e medidas farmacológicas. A não adesão ao tratamento é um dos mais importantes desafios para a saúde pública. Objetivo: Caracterizar os fatores associados à adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e não medicamentoso de pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Teresina- Piauí/Brasil com 160 hipertensos. Os dados foram coletados no período de fevereiro a julho de 2019, por meio da aplicação de questionário semi-estruturado contendo questões relativas a aspectos socioeconômicos e demográficos, tratamento não medicamentoso, verificação da pressão arterial e conhecimento dos anti-hipertensivos em uso. Para a análise dos dados foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado com significância de 95 porcento, considerando testes de independência 2x2 na combinação das variáveis. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída em sua maioria por mulheres, idosas, aposentadas, com renda salarial entre um e dois salários mínimos. As principais modificações de estilo de vida adotadas foram a abstenção do uso de álcool e tabaco. A maioria afirmou verificar a PA rotineiramente (57,50 porcento), ter conhecimento sobre o medicamento anti-hipertensivo em uso (68 porcento) e estarem satisfeitas com o atendimento estabelecido na Unidade Básica de Saúde (78,75 porcento). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a população hipertensa estudada adere parcialmente ao tratamento recomendado(AU)


Introduction: The therapeutic approach to high blood pressure includes non-drug and pharmacological measures. Non-adherence to treatment is one of the greatest, and consequently one of the most important challenges for public health. Objective: To characterize the factors associated with adherence to medication and non-medication treatment of hypertensive patients. Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study conducted in a Basic Health Unit in the city of Teresina- Piauí with 160 hypertensive patients. The data were collected from February to July 2019 by applying a semi-structured questionnaire containing questions related to socioeconomic and demographic aspects, non-drug treatment, blood pressure verification and knowledge of antihypertensives in use. For the data analysis, the chi-square test with significance of 95 percent was considered considering 2x2 independence tests in the combination of variables. Results: The sample consisted of women, elderly, retired, with wage income between one and two minimum wages. The main lifestyle modification adopted was abstention from alcohol and tobacco use. Most stated that they routinely check blood pressure (57,50 percent), have knowledge about the antihypertensive medication in use (68,00 percent) and are satisfied with the care established at the basic health unit (78,75 percent). Conclusion: The hypertensive population studied partially adheres to the recommended treatment(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Hypertension/diagnosis , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Socioeconomic Factors , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Analysis
15.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 28(1): 27-34, 10 març. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367846

ABSTRACT

A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) permanece como uma das maiores causas de hospitalização e mortalidade dentre todas as doenças, sendo a hipertensão arterial um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento. Em virtude da relevância e prevalência dessa doença, um número recorde de estudos comparativos, além de novas classes terapêuticas, tem sido desenvolvido nos últimos anos para garantir ao médico maior flexibilidade no tratamento do seu paciente, com a finalidade de frear a progressão do remodelamento ventricular e reduzir a internação hospitalar, bem como os desfechos cardiovasculares. Nesse intuito, o presente artigo avalia diversas meta-análises recentemente publicadas, as quais comparam IECAs aos BRAs e indicam um melhor prognóstico associado aos IECAs na redução de mortalidade total e cardiovascular, provavelmente devido ao efeito adjuvante da bradicinina como cardioprotetor. No entanto, os BRAs ganharam novo destaque a partir de sua associação ao sacubitril, reduzindo eventos cardiovasculares como reinternação por IC e morte cardíaca quando comparados a um IECA. Este artigo de revisão busca realizar uma análise crítica todas as classes de anti-hipertensivos com função na IC, com base na evidência científica mais recente, discorrendo sobre seus mecanismos de proteção cardiovascular e de seus resultados na redução da morbimortalidade cardíaca


Heart Failure (HF) remains as one of the most important causes of both hospitalization and mortality among all diseases, with hypertension being one of the major factors of risk for its development. As a result of the relevance and prevalence of this disease, a record number of comparative studies, apart from new pharmacological classes, have been developed in the last few years to provide more flexibility to physicians on the process of choosing a proper treatment for patients, for the purpose of slowing ventricular remodeling and reducing hospitalization, as well as cardiovascular outbreaks. Within this context, the present study has examined recently published meta- analysis, which compared ACEi and ARBs, and indicates better prognosis of ACEi in the reduction of all- -cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, probably due to the effect of bradykinin as a cardioprotector. However, it is important to acknowledge that ARBs have gained new emphasis since it was associated with sacubitril, reducing cardiovascular events such as hospitalization for HF and cardiovascular death when compared to ACEi. This current revision article seeks to accomplish a critical analysis of all classes of antihypertensives that act on heart failure by analyzing the most recent scientific evidence, discoursing about its mechanisms of cardiovascular protection and its results in the reduction of cardiovascular mortality


Subject(s)
Heart Failure/drug therapy , Hypertension/drug therapy , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(1): 88-97, ene. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389360

ABSTRACT

Arterial hypertension is one of the biggest public health problems. The research in this area has been relentless and productive, allowing to identify new pathophysiological mechanisms from which new therapeutic options are under development. Despite the recognized efficacy and tolerability of currently available drugs, a high number of patients still do not comply with treatment and maintain inadequate blood pressure levels. This review summarizes the literature about new pharmacological alternatives to treat hypertension. The development state of these new medications ranges from a preclinical state to their clinical use in hypertensive patients. Technological strategies aiming at increasing the compliance with anti-hypertensive medications are also mentioned.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypertension/drug therapy , Blood Pressure , Patient Compliance , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
17.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 25(2): e20200213, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1142953

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a associação entre a adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo e a ocorrência de Síndrome Metabólica em pacientes hipertensos de uma unidade de atenção primária à saúde. Método Estudo analítico com corte transversal realizado com 306 pacientes hipertensos de uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde localizada na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Resultados Dos participantes do estudo 74,2% eram do sexo feminino, média 61,8 ± 11,9 anos e dentro da faixa etária de 54 a 69, 77,1% raça/cor parda, 60,8% com nível fundamental incompleto ou completo e 70,6% com renda familiar entre 1 e 2 salários mínimos. Dos hipertensos avaliados, 41,5% apresentaram Síndrome Metabólica e 76,5% apresentava aderência parcial ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo. Na avaliação estatística da associação entre as variáveis foi verificado não existir (p = 0,149 e p = 0,642). Os valores referentes à adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo eram iguais, tanto nos pacientes com Síndrome Metabólica como dos que não apresentavam essa condição. Conclusão e implicações para a prática A adesão terapêutica anti-hipertensiva alta e parcial foi prevalente. A frequência de Síndrome Metabólica entre os hipertensos em estudo foi elevada. Portanto, medidas de prevenção para doenças cardiovasculares e alcance das metas terapêuticas devem ser implementas continuamente. Um desafio a ser superado pelos profissionais e serviços de saúde.


RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre la adherencia al tratamiento antihipertensivo y la aparición del síndrome metabólico en pacientes hipertensos en una unidad de atención primaria de salud. Método Estudio analítico con corte transversal realizado con 306 pacientes hipertensos de una Unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud ubicada en la ciudad de Fortaleza-CE. Resultados De los participantes en el estudio, el 74,2% eran mujeres, con una media de 61,8 ± 11,9 años y dentro del grupo de edad de 54 a 69, 77,1% raza / color marrón, 60,8% con nivel fundamental incompleto o completo y 70.6% con ingresos familiares entre 1 y 2 salarios mínimos. De los pacientes hipertensos evaluados, el 41.5% tenía síndrome metabólico y el 76.5% tenía adherencia parcial al tratamiento antihipertensivo. En la evaluación estadística de la asociación entre las variables, se encontró que no existía (p = 0,149 e p = 0,642). Los valores con respecto a la adherencia al tratamiento antihipertensivo fueron los mismos, tanto en pacientes con síndrome metabólico como en aquellos que no tenían esta condición. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica La adherencia a la terapia antihipertensiva alta y parcial fue prevalente. La frecuencia del síndrome metabólico entre los pacientes hipertensos en estudio fue elevada. Por lo tanto, las medidas preventivas para las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el logro de objetivos terapéuticos deben implementarse continuamente. Un desafío a superar por los profesionales y servicios de salud.


ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the association between adherence to antihypertensive treatment and the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in hypertensive patients in a primary health care unit. Method Analytical cross-sectional study carried out with 306 hypertensive patients from a Primary Health Care Unit located in the city of Fortaleza-CE. Results Of the study participants, 74.2% were female, mean 61.8 ± 11.9 years old and within the age group of 54 to 69, 77.1% race / brown color, 60.8% with incomplete fundamental level or complete and 70.6% with family income between 1 and 2 minimum wages. Of the evaluated hypertensive patients, 41.5% had Metabolic Syndrome and 76.5% had partial adherence to antihypertensive treatment. In the statistical evaluation of the association between the variables, it was verified that it did not exist (p = 0,149 e p = 0,642). The values regarding adherence to antihypertensive treatment were the same, both in patients with Metabolic Syndrome and in those who did not have this condition. Conclusions and implications for practice High and partial antihypertensive therapy adherence was prevalent. The frequency of Metabolic Syndrome among hypertensive patients under study was high. Therefore, preventive measures for cardiovascular diseases and achievement of therapeutic goals must be implemented continuously. A challenge to be overcome by health professionals and services.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Metabolic Syndrome , Treatment Adherence and Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Hypertension/drug therapy
18.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 74(1): e20200192, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1155954

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and analyze the validity of an instrument to assess the behavioral intention of individuals with hypertension to take antihypertensive pills. Methods: methodological study based on the theory of planned behavior, developed in three stages: preparation of the instrument, validation of content and pre-test with the target audience. The content has been validated by six experts. The Content Validity Index was applied. Results: five nurses and one psychologist participated, with experiences in systemic arterial hypertension and/or planned behavior theory. The first version of the instrument contained 40 items. After analysis, the second version originated, with 36 items. 100% agreement was obtained for the scope of the constructions. The pre-test showed clarity and understanding of the items by the target audience. Conclusions: the instrument is a reliable and innovative technological product for use in populations with systemic arterial hypertension and beliefs similar to those identified in the surveyed group.


RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y analizar la validez de contenido de un instrumento para evaluar la intención del comportamiento de individuos hipertensos de tomar comprimidos antihipertensivos. Métodos: estudio metodológico fundamentado en la teoría del comportamiento planeado, desarrollado en tres etapas: elaboración del instrumento, validez de contenido y pretest con el público objetivo. El contenido ha validado por seis especialistas. Se aplicó el Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados: participaron cinco enfermeros y un psicólogo, con experiencias en hipertensión arterial sistémica y/o teoría del comportamiento planeado. La primera versión del instrumento contenía 40 ítems. Después del análisis, se originó la segunda, con 36 ítems. Se obtuvo concordancia de 100% para inclusión de los constructos. El pretest evidenció claridad y comprensión de los ítems por el público objetivo. Conclusiones: el instrumento se configura un producto tecnológico confiable e innovador para utilización en poblaciones con hipertensión arterial sistémica y creencias semejantes a las identificadas en el equipo investigado.


RESUMO Objetivos: construir e analisar a validade de conteúdo de um instrumento para avaliar a intenção comportamental de indivíduos com hipertensão de tomar comprimidos anti-hipertensivos. Métodos: estudo metodológico fundamentado na teoria do comportamento planejado, desenvolvido em três etapas: elaboração do instrumento, validação de conteúdo e pré-teste com o público-alvo. O conteúdo foi validado por seis especialistas. Aplicou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: participaram cinco enfermeiros e um psicólogo, com experiências em hipertensão arterial sistêmica e/ou teoria do comportamento planejado. A primeira versão do instrumento continha 40 itens. Após análise, originou-se a segunda versão, com 36 itens. Obteve-se concordância de 100% para abrangência dos constructos. O pré-teste evidenciou clareza e compreensão dos itens pelo públicoalvo. Conclusões: o instrumento configura-se um produto tecnológico confiável e inovador para utilização em populações com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e crenças semelhantes às identificadas no grupo pesquisado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Intention , Hypertension , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Hypertension/drug therapy , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
19.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 25(1): e20200127, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1133822

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Construir e validar comunicação audiovisual e mensagens persuasivas para motivar o uso de anti-hipertensivos. Método Estudo metodológico baseado nas crenças de pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica em relação ao tratamento medicamentoso, tendo o suporte da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. Adotaram-se os princípios de Fleming e da Persuasão para desenvolvimento da comunicação audiovisual e mensagens. 13 juízes especialistas realizaram a validação de conteúdo, analisada pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados A comunicação audiovisual apresenta 3 minutos e 58 segundos de duração e 71 telas. Foram consideradas válidas 29 mensagens persuasivas ilustradas, sendo 15 positivas e 14 negativas. Conclusão e implicações para a prática A comunicação audiovisual e as mensagens persuasivas foram consideradas válidas, adequadas e com capacidade de persuasão para motivar o uso de anti-hipertensivos orais. Pesquisa de intervenção faz-se necessária para testar o efeito dos recursos audiovisuais com intenção de realizar o comportamento.


Resumen Objetivo Construir y validar la comunicación audiovisual y los mensajes persuasivos para motivar el uso de antihipertensivos. Método Estudio metodológico basado en las creencias de las personas con hipertensión arterial sistémica en relación con el tratamiento farmacológico, apoyado por la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado. Los principios de Fleming y la Persuasión fueron adoptados para el desarrollo de la comunicación y los mensajes audiovisuales. 13 jueces expertos realizaron la validación del contenido, analizada por el Índice de Validez del Contenido. Resultados La comunicación audiovisual tiene 3 minutos y 58 segundos de duración y 71 pantallas. Se consideraron válidos 29 mensajes ilustrativos persuasivos, 15 mensajes eran positivos y 14 negativos. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica La comunicación audiovisual y los mensajes persuasivos se consideraron válidos, adecuados y capaces de persuadir para motivar el uso de antihipertensivos orales. La investigación de intervención es necesaria para probar el efecto de los recursos audiovisuales con la intención de llevar a cabo el comportamiento.


Abstract Objective Building and validating audiovisual communication and persuasive messages to motivate the use of antihypertensive drugs. Method Methodological study based on the beliefs of people with systemic arterial hypertension in relation to drug treatment, supported by the Theory of Planned Behavior. The principles of Fleming and Persuasion were adopted for the development of audiovisual communication and messages. 13 expert judges performed the content validation, analyzed by the Content Validity Index. Results the audiovisual communication has 3 minutes and 58 seconds in duration and 71 screens. Twenty-nine persuasive illustrated messages were considered valid, 15 positive and 14 negative messages. Conclusion and implications for practice Audiovisual communication and persuasive messages were considered valid, adequate and capable of persuasion to motivate the use of oral antihypertensives. Intervention research is necessary to test the effect of audiovisual resources with the intention of carrying out the behavior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Audiovisual Aids , Health Promotion , Hypertension/drug therapy , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Persuasive Communication , Chronic Disease/drug therapy
20.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1357923

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar a utilização de anti-hipertensivos à noite versus pela manhã, na ocorrência de desfechos cardiovasculares fatais ou não fatais. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com as plataformas PUBMED / MEDLINE e EMBASE, sem restrições de data ou idioma. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados com indivíduos adultos hipertensos que avaliaram o uso de anti-hipertensivos à noite versus pela manhã com desfecho primário de mortalidade e morbidade cardiovascular. A análise do risco de viés dos estudos seguiu as recomendações da colaboração Cochrane. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1219 artigos, sendo apenas 03 estudos incluídos após critérios de elegibilidade. O estudo CONVINCE não mostrou benefício cardiovascular com essa prática. Os estudos MAPEC e Hygia mostraram redução do desfecho primário em 61% e 45%, respectivamente. Considerações finais: Devido a inconsistências na validade interna e externa dos estudos, o benefício do uso de anti-hipertensivos à noite versus pela manhã até o momento é incerto, sendo necessários novos trabalhos para confirmar ou refutar essa prática


Objective: Comparison of the use of antihypertensive drugs at bedtime versus in the morning in the occurrence of fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using the PUBMED / MEDLINE and EMBASE platforms without data or language restrictions. Only randomized clinical trials that evaluated the use of antihypertensive drugs at bedtime compared to the morning were included. The required primary outcome of the clinical trials was to assess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A risk-of-bias analysis of tue studies followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: 1219 articles were found, with only 03 studies included after eligibility criteria. The CONVINCE study showed no cardiovascular benefit with this practice. The MAPEC and Hygia studies reduced the primary outcome by 61% and 45%, respectively. Final considerations: due to inconsistencies in the internal and external validity of the studies, the benefit of antihypertensive drugs at bedtime versus the morning is uncertain so far, and further clinical trials are needed to confirm or refute this practice


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Bias
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